Trilochan

LESSON :- 12 HYDROCARBONS & THEIR COMPOUNDS

Methane
Molecular formula: CH₄
Structural formula:

First member of alkane

Uses :-

The five uses of Methane are:

1. It is used to manufacture water gas or hydrogen gas.

2. It is used in the form of LPG for domestic use.

3. It is used for making printing ink.

4. It is used for making Carbon Black needed for paints and in rubber industries.

5. It is used as a gaseous fuel in industries and household works.

Ethane
Molecular formula: C ₂H₆
Structural formula:

Second member of alkane family

Uses :-
Used as gases fuel
Preparing the organic compounds

Alcohol
Organic compounds containing the hydroxyl group attached to saturated carbon atoms or hydrocarbon radicals are known as alcohol.

Ethyl –alcohol (C₂H₅OH)

Structural formula:

Preparation

By oxidation of glucose in the presence of yeast

C ₂H₁₂O₆→ C₂H₅OH  + 2CO₂

Physical properties of alcohol :-

1. It is colorless liquid but has taste

2. It is soluble in water.

3. Its boiling point is 78⁰C and freezing point is -114⁰C.

The uses of alcohol are as follows:
I. It is used for dry cleaning.
II. It is used as alcoholic beverage.
III. It is used in making paint, varnish, medicine, synthetic rubber etc

Glycerol (C₃ H₅(OH)₃)

Glycerol is the simplest trihydric alcohol. It occurs in almost all the natural animal fats and vegetable oils. It is proposed by hydrolysis of fat or oil in presence of alkali.

Physical properties :-

Soluble in water

Colorless viscous liquid

Sweat taste

The uses of glycerol are as follows:
I. It is used to make toilet soaps and cosmetic goods.
II. It is used to make printing inks and stamp pad inks.
III. It is used for the preservation of tobacco, fruits and other edible substances.

Diethyl ether (C₂H₅ –O – C₂H₅)

Preparation: By heating the ethyl alcohol in the presence of conc. H₂SO₄ at 270⁰C

2C₂H₅ OH C₂H₅ –O – C₂H₅   + H₂O

The physical properties of ether are:

1. It is colorless volatile liquid with pleasant smell.

2. It is slightly soluble in water but readily soluble in alcohol.

3. Its freezing point is -116⁰C and boiling point is 35⁰C

The uses of ether are:

1. It is used as a solvent.

2. It is used as cooling agent.

3. It is used as purifying compounds by extracting.

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